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e-Delivery (QERDS) in Cross-Border Operations (QWAC)
e-Delivery (QERDS) in Cross-Border Operations
QERDS (Qualified Electronic Registered Delivery Service) is a qualified electronic delivery service that meets the highest European standards for security and reliability.
Key Features of QERDS:
-
Provides proof of sending and receiving electronic documents.
-
Ensures content integrity during transmission.
-
Complies with the eIDAS Regulation as a qualified trust service within the European Union.
Legal Equivalence
A document delivered via QERDS:
-
Has the same legal value as a registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt.
-
Can be used as legal evidence of sending and delivery in court proceedings.
Technical and Legal Requirements
To be recognized as QERDS, a system must:
-
Be operated by a Qualified Trust Service Provider (QTSP).
-
Use qualified certificates such as QWAC (for server authentication and TLS) and QSealC (for data signing).
-
Guarantee data integrity, sender and recipient authentication, and use qualified time stamping.
Legal Basis
-
QERDS is defined in eIDAS Regulation (EU 910/2014), Articles 44–45.
-
It is one of the pillars of digital trust services alongside e-signatures, e-seals, time stamps, and TLS certificates.
QWAC Conditions in Cross-Border Context
-
QTSP Registration in EUTL
– The QTSP must be listed in the EU Trusted List (EUTL).
– Check at: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/tl-browser -
Compliance with Technical Profiles
– Countries like Italy, Germany, or Austria may require specific QWAC extensions (e.g., organization name, VAT number, location). – Some systems also require QSealC usage. -
Support by Foreign Systems
– Systems like Italy’s SDI (Sistema di Interscambio) or PEC (Certified Electronic Mail) accept QWAC and QSealC certificates issued by any EU QTSP, provided they meet national requirements.
QERDS Implementation Status in EU Member States (as of May 20, 2025)
|
Country |
QERDS Status |
QWAC (Cross-Border) |
QERDS Providers |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Austria |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
National e-Zustellung in use, but no QERDS provider |
|
Belgium |
Fully implemented |
Yes |
Yes (5) |
Aangetekende.email and others equivalent to registered mail |
|
Bulgaria |
Implemented (initial) |
Yes |
Yes (1) |
BORICA/B-Trust |
|
Croatia |
Implemented (initial) |
Yes |
Yes (1) |
ePošta (Hrvatska Pošta) |
|
Cyprus |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
No QERDS – communication via email and traditional mail |
|
Czechia |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
Datové schránky not eIDAS-compliant |
|
Denmark |
Not implemented (pilot) |
N/A |
No |
e-Boks not QERDS-compliant |
|
Estonia |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
No QERDS, no national QWAC policy |
|
Finland |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
Suomi.fi does not meet QERDS requirements |
|
France |
Fully implemented |
Yes (mandatory) |
Yes (7) |
LRE – electronic equivalent of registered letter |
|
Germany |
Implemented (limited) |
Yes |
Yes (1) |
De-Mail not eIDAS-compliant; one current QERDS |
|
Greece |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
No pilots or QWAC policy |
|
Hungary |
Implemented (initial) |
Yes |
Yes (1) |
Service still developing |
|
Ireland |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
No QERDS providers; traditional methods used |
|
Italy |
In transition (PEC) |
Yes (planned) |
No |
PEC transforming to comply with QERDS |
|
Latvia |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
No QERDS infrastructure |
|
Lithuania |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
No QERDS providers |
|
Luxembourg |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
QTSPs exist, but no QERDS |
|
Malta |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
Traditional communication, no QERDS |
|
Netherlands |
Implemented (initial) |
Yes |
Yes (1) |
Aangetekend Mailen operating as QERDS |
|
Poland |
Fully implemented |
Yes (mandatory) |
Yes (3) |
e-Delivery; address required from April 1, 2025 |
|
Portugal |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
No QERDS |
|
Romania |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
No QERDS; digital signatures used |
|
Slovakia |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
Government portal not qualified as QERDS |
|
Slovenia |
Implemented (initial) |
Yes |
Yes (1) |
Small scale, eIDAS-compliant |
|
Spain |
Fully implemented |
Yes |
Yes (14) |
Widely used in public and private sectors |
|
Sweden |
Not implemented |
N/A |
No |
Kivra and Min Myndighetspost not qualified services |
